Vibration of axial of imperceptible deep Kong Chaosheng gets the design that cuts unit

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Summary: ? Screen of bail of  of Hui of  of Bian of Xing of  of Xi of of lineal descent of  shaming sip extensive eventually the vibration of new-style and supersonic axial of 25µm of 1KHz of ± of Jin?0, amplitude is gotten cut unit, this device dogs automatically by frequency of annulus of photograph of several letter lock generator of type transistor ultrasonic, axial half transducer of the half wavelengh cylinder pottery and porcelain that suppress report, resonance is conic model luffing lever and tool system composition, can come true on weak qualitative data imperceptible the nicety of deep aperture, superprecision. The 1 foreword ceaseless development as science and technology, the application that Kong Jia is versed in the technology creates a field in machinery is increasingly wide, meanwhile, to the treatment of aperture precision and exterior quality also raised taller and taller requirement. Current, difficult treatment waits in alloy of stainless steel, refractory steel, titanium, high temperature alloy the treatment on material is accurate and imperceptible deep aperture remains the task that has challenge sex. Treatment practice makes clear, use traditional technique to machine imperceptible deep Kong Shi, existence cutting temperature is high, medicinal powder hot difficulty, broach is brought easily slant or break off, enter get bit of the centering sex difference, difficulty that break bits, platoon not burr of free, exit is much wait for a series of craft difficult problem. For this, need the treatment method with active exploration, more reasonable development, in order to improve the machinability of material, improve product quality and treatment efficiency. Regard a kind of non-traditional machining as the method, supersonic and oscillatory cutting is machined in difficult treatment material and accurate treatment domain has the craft effect that common treatment method compares hard. The accurate treatment that uses technology of supersonic and oscillatory bore at small fine deep hole has good development prospect. The article is based on principle of high frequency and oscillatory cutting, the design developed vibration of a kind of new-style and supersonic axial to get cut unit. Vibration of 2 supersonic axial gets the design that cuts unit 2.

1 design target is to get together by treatment hardware data carbonic acid fat, aluminium and copper, machine Ø=0 of scope of bore diameter size.

2 ～ 2mm, the long way of aperture compares L/D=20 ～ 30, cylinder spends ≤ 0.

005mm, exterior surface roughness ≤ Ra1µm, exit burr is not more than the 1/4 of common cutting burr. 1.

Ultrasonic generator 2.

Carbon brush 3.

Slip ring 4.

Knife handle 5.

Bolt 6.

Bedspring spacer 7.

Slip ring bracket 8.

Back shroud of transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report 9.

Ceramics of contented of pile pressing report 10.

Front shroud of transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report 11.

Awl luffing lever 12.

Bolt 13.

Bedspring gasket 14.

Get collet 15.

Broach pursues vibration of 1 supersonic axial is gotten cut plant construction sketch map to pursue block diagram of principle of 2 ultrasonic generator 2.

2 supersonic vibration are gotten cut unit total construction designs supersonic axial vibration to get cut unit main by vibration of transducer of the ultrasonic generator, pottery and porcelain that suppress report, axial the composition such as luffing lever and tool system. Among them, ultrasonic generator is the alternating current changeover of 220V, 50Hz signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report, provide oscillatory energy to the system. Transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report is changeover of signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report vibration of ultrasonic frequency machinery. The small amplitude that lever of axial vibration luffing outputs transducer magnifies and transfer tool system, the ultrasonic frequency that achieves bit effectively thereby is oscillatory. If the graph is shown 1 times,supersonic axial vibration gets the structure that cuts unit. When the job, come from ultrasonic generator the electric current of Li Zhenhe excitation of 1 passes carbon brush 2 introduce slip ring 3, solder of repass drill rod the lead on slip ring and but revolving presses transducer of electric pottery and porcelain (by 10 composition of 5 ～ ) conterminous. The output end of transducer passes bolt 5 with cone-shaped luffing lever the input end of 11 is linked together, the output end of luffing lever uses form of Mohs awl handle, as short as Mohs taper hole gets collet 14 photographs cooperate, simply gets fried dough twist of straight handle high-speed steel a 15 clip to originally to be able to undertake in getting collet supersonic axial vibration is gotten cut. Generator of ultrasonic generator ultrasonic is used at producing signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report to provide energy to transducer, it can be the alternating current changeover of 220V, 50Hz signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report. According to incentive means different, ultrasonic generator can divide stimulate type for self-excitation type and it: According to type of uses end class parts of an apparatus, can divide again for valve model, inversion of silicon controlled rectifier, transistor with power module model. Because transistor ultrasonic generator has cost low, bulk small, waste time can be little, the characteristic such as warm-up does not need when switching on the mobile phone, because this design used frequency of annulus of photograph of several letter lock,dog automatically generator of type transistor ultrasonic, its are the biggest output power is 500W, output frequency is 16 ～ 25KHz. This device basically is pressed by phase comparator, report comparator, low a filter, pressure accuse the parts of an apparatus such as sampling of sampling of oscillator, incentive amplifier, power amplifier, electric current, voltage to comprise, form system of a closed circuit (2) seeing a picture. When the job, phasic error signal gets after the tension that gets from transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report and phase comparator of classics of voltaic sampling signal, repass is low after connecting filter filter to divide high frequency composition and noise, output frequency with what accuse an oscillator at control pressing, made as syntonic as oscillatory system machinery frequency keeps consistent, classics of signal of output of lock photograph annulus is driven, result put, match evacuation to come transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report. Pressing transducer of electric pottery and porcelain to transcend the action of sonic transducer is the signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report that generates ultrasonic generator changeover is vibration of ultrasonic frequency machinery. Commonly used transducer can be divided send the adjustable transducer, transducer that suppress report, electromagnetism transducer to wait for a few kinds for magnetism, press electric transducer to have structural measure among them cooling and small, simple, mechanical syntonic frequency big, impedance matchs amplitude of low, output easily, electroacoustic changeover efficiency is advanced characteristic, suit big amplitude particularly supersonic and oscillatory treatment. This design used axial transducer of the half wavelengh cylinder pottery and porcelain that suppress report, position of side of its vibration section installs an inter, syntonic in air frequency is 20KHz, input electric power is 500W, continuously working hours is 24 hours. This kind of transducer is main by front shroud 10, back shroud 8 with chip of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report 9 3 parts are formed (1) seeing a picture. Among them, front shroud outputs end for transducer, can pass whorl and luffing lever join, appropriate uses acoustical impedance to lead low stuff (like alloy of duralumin, titanium) make: Back shroud is free end, appropriate uses acoustical impedance to lead expensive stuff (like mild steel) make: The drive that chip of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report is transducer promotes form, mechanical and oscillatory effect can produce below action of signal of oscillation of ultrasonic frequency report, appropriate uses PZT-8 model or material of pottery and porcelain of acerbity lead of Fc zirconium titanium is made. Before adding man-hour, back shroud contacts the surface to should have taller flatness and inferior exterior surface roughness each: The bolt when assembling tightens firm force to answer balanced: Should ensure the pottery and porcelain that suppress report is in below power drive reduce position, cause rupture with preventing pottery and porcelain to expand: After assembling, should ensure to match between ultrasonic generator and transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report good. Graph because lever of luffing of vibration of axial of lever of luffing of half 3 syntonic round taper presses transducer of electric pottery and porcelain adjustable be out of shape lesser (normally amplitude is 4 ～ 10µm) only, and supersonic vibration gets the demand that cuts pair of amplitude to often need to achieve 10 ～ 100µm, accordingly must lever of luffing of have the aid of magnifies transducer amplitude. The mechanism of amplitude of luffing lever enlarge is to pass its the oscillatory energy with sectional either is changeless (not plan transmission loss) , sectional smaller local energy density is bigger, can magnify amplitude accordingly. To obtain bigger amplitude, should make normally its resonance frequency (syntonic frequency) stimulate Zhen Pin with the outside rate is equal, make be in resonance condition. According to lever of dimension different, commonly used luffing lever can divide for Quan Bo resonance, half resonance with 1/4 wave resonance model: According to sectional appearance different, can divide again for a flight of stairs model, conic model, index, dangerous catenary etc. This design uses half resonance conic model luffing lever (3) seeing a picture, luffing lever material is 45 steel (should pass forging, flaw detection and attune are handled character in order to increase the fatigue resistance of luffing lever can harmonics function) , are its acoustics and characteristic for: ? Du encircles?7.

9g/mm3, tensile strength σ B=61N/m2, max=0 of fatigue intensity σ .

4, σ B=24.

4N/m2, yang model measures E=20.

92 × 1010N/m2, c=5 of longitudinal wave velocity of sound.

169 × 106mm/s. In addition, the oscillatory means of luffing lever is two end free, among fixed, its input end (main aspects) join with transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, output is carried (small end) join with tool system, node of 0 amplitude displacement the setting is oscillatory section, device of supersonic axial vibration is secured through this vibration section. Luffing lever is a basis sound brace up of academic design, is main design stage: ? Sheng of heart of kneecap of ぷ of cease model ü and luffing lever output the amplitude of the biggest displacement of end: ② reachs ψ of factor of appearance of fatigue intensity estimation according to the C of velocity of sound of luffing lever material: The Mp of coefficient of enlarge of displacement amplitude estimation that ③ can get according to controlling aspect of radiate of transducer of electric pottery and porcelain: The cut area that ④ basis controls transducer of electric pottery and porcelain decides half resonance is conic model luffing lever inputs end (main aspects) diameter, output end according to magnifying coefficient Mp calculates again (small end) diameter: Node of the resonance length of lever of ⑤ computation luffing, displacement and input mechanical resistance fight: ⑥ optimizes luffing lever parameter according to tool system, ensure broach achieves optimal and oscillatory result. System of tool system tool is main by get collet and bit two parts composition, it and conic model the join of luffing lever is the key that whole apparatus works effectively. Should the design of tool system satisfy: of the following postulate? Dark blue of low ridicule of wait ぞ You is dark all wetting mallet of gizzard of τ of  of Xi of loose shrimp of  of Zhuo of disclose of dark blue damask basks in cabin Lian low Bai Hui of small official of You of ぞ of constant child Quan is returned mire award of target group Ψ scrupulously and respectfully Mi of υ of private school of child of ⒖ fan dredge sunshine  of every annulus ⑸ . To simplify oscillatory model ensures broach works below resonance condition, this design uses taper connection law to install tool system, be about to small end designs luffing staff for Mohs awl handle, with the connection of photograph of Mohs taper hole that gets collet. When be being machined actually, need twist drill of high-speed steel of will straight handle to originally closely only in getting collet, can undertake supersonic vibration is gotten cut. 1.

Cone-shaped luffing lever 2.

Knife handle 3.

Bolt 4.

Bedspring gasket pursues sketch map of 4 bolt close solid pursues sketch map of structure of 5 knife handle 2.

3 supersonic vibration get the centering that cuts unit supersonic axial vibration is gotten cut device to be mixed in the installation inside knife handle of high speed circumgyrate search to be able to be being passed conic model the oscillatory part of luffing lever will come true. Because threaded coupling is put in clearance, because this needs,add pin texture in order to ensure system of luffing lever, tool is in the essence inside knife handle decides a heart. The oscillatory section of luffing lever makes flange normally dish appearance, get have via, can originally its closely to go up in knife handle through bolt (4) seeing a picture. 2.

4 supersonic vibration get the link that cuts device and machine tool main shaft supersonic axial vibration gets the link that cuts device and machine tool main shaft to be able to adopt knife handle structure (5) seeing a picture comes true. Design of knife handle petiole is Mohs awl handle, can close suitably with taper hole of machine tool main shaft: Design of knife pommel ministry has accurate whorl aperture and pin opening, can realize supersonic vibration to get the installation that cuts unit, fixed, search to mixing centering: In addition still distributing on knife handle lead Kong He comes loose hot aperture. 2.

5 supersonic vibration get those who cut unit to rotate the whirl of transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report can carry slip ring (red copper annulus or brass annulus) will come true with carbon brush structure. For the encourage ultrasonic generator brace up, excitation electric current introduces transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report reliably, but carbon brush, carbon brush, the spare parts installation such as bedspring is on the dormant end panel of machine tool main shaft, and be in slip ring and its bracket press fitting knife handle petiole. This kind of structure can ensure carbon brush and slip ring realize reliable contact when high speed rotates not only, and can prevent slip ring effectively to become loose: In addition, this structure does not affect the impedance of transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, the pressure that wants carbon brush and slip ring to contact good, bedspring to bring to bear on to go up in carbon brush only is proper, can put an end to discharge phenomenon. 2.

6 supersonic vibration get the vibration of cooling and supersonic axial that cuts unit when cutting device to work, can 4 kinds of elements bring about transducer of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report under calorific: ? Child of Γ of в of graceful blade of ǖ of couple   censures  of Ge of child of ferociousing model of  of accept of Gou Jie Lai oh Jian of Zhi of barren of Qi of child of caries of few of Φ which Σ mu M of king crab of Su of neon of Jian of  of ⑸ of ǚ of  of  of Yin of A Chinese-style unlined garment of   M fizzles out in all  of ヅ Huan N, the supersonic axial vibration that designed a kind of Zhen Pin to be 25µm for 20 ± 1KHz, amplitude is gotten cut unit, it basically locks up photograph annulus frequency to dog automatically by the number generator of type transistor ultrasonic, axial half transducer of the half wavelengh cylinder pottery and porcelain that suppress report, resonance is conic model luffing lever and tool system composition. When craft experiments, this device installation is on machining center of high accuracy vertical, be opposite respectively bore diameter Ø=0.

2, 0.

5, 0.

8, 1.

0, 1.

5, 2.

The 0mm, aluminium that grows diameter to compare L/D=15, copper, get together test specimen of carbonic acid fat undertook vibration getting cuts an experiment. The result makes clear, in oscillatory parameter (oscillatory frequency, amplitude) with cutting parameter (deepness of speed of feed, cutting, cutting) below the premise with logical choice, supersonic axial vibration is gotten cut the treatment precision that can increase opening significantly and exterior quality, can improve cutting condition (if reduce auger cut force, reduce heat in metal cutting, eliminate or restrain the) such as cutting vibration, raise broach durability. Accordingly, this technology suits to undertake on weak qualitative data particularly imperceptible the nicety of deep aperture, superprecision, have wide applied perspective. CNC Milling CNC Machining